# While pipe system Design many professional have their different role.

 #A piping system is designed in the following steps by different engineering's discipline. 

(1) Process Engineer- create process flow diagram.

(2) Material Specification Engineers- Categories the specifications of piping system based on process flow and reactivity of the contained fluid.

Each specifications is applicable to certain combination of fluid type , temp ranges and pressure ranges.

Material Specification Normally include - pipe material , pipe wall thickness for each pipe size, the corrosion and erosion allowance, flanges class , valves type, fittings and branch connection types, bolt material gasket type etc.

(3) System Engineers- Combines process flow diagram , materials specifications and Equipment data sheets to create operational Piping Diagrams.

They select the applicable material specification and determine the size of each line based on Flow quality, allowable pressure drop, and flow stability.

Piping diagrams are generally combined with the necessary instrument and control circuits to become piping and instrument diagrams (P&IDs).

Special items such as potential two-phase flow and slug-flow zones are also identified on these diagrams for special consideration in design and analysis.

In addition to the P&IDs, a line list covering all pipe spools is also constructed. This line list contains most of the design, upset, and operating parameters to be used in the layout, analysis, and fabrication of the piping system.

(4) Piping designers- prepare piping routing study, determine the pipe rack locations, and place the actual piping that connects to designated points. 

They layout and support the piping by following the rules and procedures set up by each individual company.

(5) Piping mechanical engineers- check the stresses and supports of the systems. 

Using the P&IDs, they develop operating modes so that all the expected operating conditions are properly analyzed. Proper supports and restraints are selected and placed to optimize the overall cost and performance of the systems.

 They also design or specify piping specialty items, such as expansion joints, flue heads, special connections, spring hangers, vibration supports, and so forth.

                

#STRESS CONSEPT PART-2

 #Yield Strength, Sy

The point at which the specimen generates a large deformation without the addition of any load is called the yield point.

            Corresponding stress is called yield stress or yield Strength.

The point is easy to recognize for materials with a stress strain curve for figure (1)

 

 For figure (2), there is no apparent yield point 

 For this type of material common approach is amount of stress require to produce a fix amount of permanent deformation.

            Offset method of determining the yield point. ASTM signifies an offset strain of 0.2% to be used for common pipe material covered by it's specifications.

 

#Consideration while placing Pumps?

 #Consideration while placing Pumps?

1.Locate pump close to equipment from which they take suction. This is an important consideration.

2.Consideration to be made to locate pump under structures or with their motor ends under a pipe rack,

allowing a access aisle for mobile handling equipment.

3. Pump suction line are generally larger than discharge lines, to avoid problem arising  from a low net positive suction head(NPSH)

4.End Suction and Top Discharge preferable option for pumps , while taking suction directly from tanks or vessels located at grade.

5.Pump should arranged in rows with the center line of discharges on a common line.

6.Clearances between pumps and pumps and piping generally are a minimum of 900 mm.

Basically there are 3 type of pumps:-

                                    1.Centrifugal

                                    2.Reciprocating

                                    3.Rotary 

1.Centrifugal pump- Most commonly used in Oil and Gas , it is considered on heavy duty. It is more economical in service and less maintenance than other two.

#Checklist List for Isometrics

 #Checklist List for Isometrics

•  Company Standard Title Block, Job Number, Drawing Files, numbers, and revisions
• Isometric North indicated
• All the symbols are used as per Legend
• Line Details (No. Spec. services, flow direction and Spec Break) as per P&ID
• Design Pressure, Design Temp, Test Pressure, Insulation Class, Insulation thickness and   Radiography is indicated as per line schedule
• Equipment number, nozzle no., nozzle orientation and elevation are as per piping layout
• BOM (piping and supports) checked with respect to piping, material specification
• If line is stress critical, stress analysis result is incorporated. Check in case of hot/cold line/stress critical large bore line
• End to end dimensions & end connection of in-line instruments, ESD valves, Strainers any special items & control valves are verified
• Extra-long bolts are considered for installation of Relief valve, Spectacle blinds, Wafer type valves, restriction orifice etc.
• High Point Vent and Low Point Drain
• Valves handles Orientation, ESD valve & control valve actuator orientation is shown on drg.
• Pipe Support welded attachments are shown
• Weld Points, Field welds and notes about dimensional verification at site are incorporated
• Client and IDC comment incorporated
• Open Vent/drain to safe location
• Upstream/downstream straight run of pipe and orientation of orifice tap for meter runs.
• Sloping lines, no pocket insured., slope line as per P&ID
• Flow pattern of 3-way controls or multi-port valves
• Line located from grid if not connected to equipment
• Indicate output symbol and elevation where pipe passes through wall
• Indicate Continuation on next isometric, logical split such that it is not at branch point/flange weld point or in pipe run
•  Branch connection and correctness of branch fittings
• Check for minimum spool based on pipe size
•  Eccentric reducer flat side and offset shown.
• Tie in point no if any 
• Proper Notes & Holds & Revision clouds if any manually
• Update isometric index before release indicating correct rev/hold

#STRESS CONSEPT PART-1

 #Basics of Stress and Strain

-Stress(S)- Amount of force per unit cross-sectional Area

-Strain(e)- Amount of elongation per Unit length of Specimen.

Stress, S= F/A  N/m²

Strain, e = l/L 

Where F= Applied force

            A= Cross Section Area of the Specimen

            L= Length of the Specimen

            l= Elongation of the Specimen

Stress Strain Curve

In the elastic range , stress/strain relation is constant and referred as Hook's Law.

                                                                          E=S/e

And Constant E= Modulus of Elasticity or Young's Modulus. 

Stress and Strains through the testing process are plotted in a chart called Stress-Strain Curve.

Above fig (a) is for law Carbon & low Alloy Steel

 and     fig (b) is for Austenitic Steel

Propotional Limit:

The Curve starts out with a section of straight line- 

                  within the section material strictly follow Hook's Law referred Perfect Elastic Section.

Highest Point of perfect Elastic Section called Proportional Limit .Young's Modulus defend by Straight Section of Curve. 

#What is the work associate to piping Drafters and Designers?

 #What is the work associate to piping Drafters and Designers?

Drawing Such as-

1.Piping Flow Sheet

2.Plot Plans

3.Equipment Location Drawing

4.Piping Arrangement Drawing

5.Piping Isometric Drawings

And Other Department Role to Completion of Project

1.Purchasing

2.Material Control

3.Material take-off

4.Estimating

5.Pipe stress and Pipe Support

6.Project Management

Type of Project Piping Engineer or Designer do

 # As a Piping Engineer and Designer You will Expect to work in industries like.

1.Power Plant

2.Petrochemical Plant

3.Pulp and Paper Plant

4.Fertilizer Plant

5. Pipe System for Hospital and High Rise Office building

6.Pharmaceutical Plant

7.Food and Beverage Plant

8.Synthetic Fuel Plant

9.Offshore Platform

10.Pipeline Installation

11.Water Treatment plant

12.Environment Waste Disposal

#All about Pipe Rack

 # Elevation View of Pipe Rack

Pipe Rack Made by Columns and Beams-

-Columns are generally called Portal

-And there are two type of beam in Pipe Rack- 1) Longitudinal Beam

                                                                            2) Transverse Beam

-As you able to see 1st tier is used for process lines and 2nd tier is used for Utility lines.

  And Near by columns Large Bore pipe Kept and at centre Small Bore line kept to avoid Sagging.

 

#Glimps of Oil and Gas , Source: Engineers India Ltd YouTube Channel

 #Glimps of oil and Gas Refinery & Petrochemical

#What documents do you require , while starting pipe routing?

 #What documents do you require , while starting pipe routing?

Ans- At the time of pipe routing we use document for pipe routing-

            1.P&ID -this is mother document

            2.Equipment Layout

            3.MDS-Mechanical Data Sheet

            4.PMS- that is pipe material specification

            5.Piping Standards

            6. Instrument Hook up drawing 

            7. Support Standard - if we are modelling support too.

1.P&ID- Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

2.Equipment Layout

3.MDS- mechanical Data Sheet

4.PMS- Piping material Speciication

  5.Piping Standards

            6. Instrument Hook up drawing 

            7. Support Standard